Discussion and Conclusion
Despite achieving general uniformity in a variety of vegetative and floral features, Psammogeton still exhibits a substantial degree of variation in fruit morphology, which explains the significance that fruit has in the opinion of umbellifer taxonomists. Although the fruit type across all umbellifers is the same, there are differences in the mericarp, fruit surface texture, and fruit appendages. Therefore, in systematics, these traits play a significant role. Different scientists including Drude (1898), Dhakre (1964), Holtum (1968), Arora (1976), Heywood and Dakshni (1971), and Katz-Downie (1999), have developed taxonomic delimitations using a variety of fruit traits. Among these features, the anatomy and morphology shine out. Although anatomical features and external morphology are more conservative, this does not diminish the value of morphology research because surface characters are easier to spot than deeply embedded internal traits. Keeping this in view, the current authors have made an attempt to distinguish different species in the genus Psammogeton in the north-west of India. The results show that surface traits of fruit have enough potential for genus and sometimes even species delimitation, taking into account the potentiality of umbellifer taxa and their assessment of surface architecture. Analyses of morphology show that Psammogeton hirsuta should be considered a new species (North-West, India). In the majority of the qualitative and quantitative traits shown in Table 1, it is comparable to the normal species of P. canescens . The plant, which favours subtropical climates, grows in arid, sandy areas close to Jammu. The new species appears to be in the process of extending its geographic range from Jammu and the surrounding areas westward. There are several species of Psammogeton that are thought to call this region of Jammu and Kashmir home.