\documentclass[10pt]{article}

\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[section]{placeins}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{breakcites}
\usepackage{lineno}
\usepackage{hyphenat}





\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
\usepackage[colorlinks = true,
            linkcolor = blue,
            urlcolor  = blue,
            citecolor = blue,
            anchorcolor = blue]{hyperref}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\@combinedblfloats{\box\@outputbox}{\unvbox\@outputbox}{}{%
  \errmessage{\noexpand\@combinedblfloats could not be patched}%
}%
\makeatother


\usepackage{natbib}




\renewenvironment{abstract}
  {{\bfseries\noindent{\abstractname}\par\nobreak}\footnotesize}
  {\bigskip}

\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*3}{*1}
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{*2}{*0.5}
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{*1.5}{0pt}


\usepackage{authblk}


\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[space]{grffile}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{tabulary}
\usepackage{booktabs,array,multirow}
\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb}
\providecommand\citet{\cite}
\providecommand\citep{\cite}
\providecommand\citealt{\cite}
% You can conditionalize code for latexml or normal latex using this.
\newif\iflatexml\latexmlfalse
\providecommand{\tightlist}{\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%

\AtBeginDocument{\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.PDF,.eps,.EPS,.png,.PNG,.tif,.TIF,.jpg,.JPG,.jpeg,.JPEG}}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[ngerman,english]{babel}



\usepackage{float}








\begin{document}

\title{\emph{Psammogeton hirsuta} (Apiaceae; Pimpinelleae), a new species from
India}



\author[1]{B. L. Bhellum}%
\affil[1]{Affiliation not available}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{June 18, 2024}


\begingroup
\let\center\flushleft
\let\endcenter\endflushleft
\maketitle
\endgroup





\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
\emph{}Psammogeton hirsuta\emph{} sp. nov. (Apiaceae), a novel species
collected from specifically the lowlands of Jammu and Kashmir,
north-west India's subtropical region, is described and illustrated.
\emph{Psammogeton hirsuta} resembles one of its close relatives,
\emph{P. canescens}, and \emph{P. shivalikense}; however, it differs
significantly in terms of the plant being hirsute, sheaths of leaf
bases, ciliate peduncle degree of pubescence, bracts and bracteoles, and
fruit shape. Additionally, we provide phenology, a distribution map, a
comparison of species with comparable morphologies, and a key to closely
related species.%
\end{abstract}%



\sloppy


\textbf{Introduction}

\emph{Psammogeton} Edgew. (Apiaceae), a small genus particularly
confined to Asia, has a native range from Iran and Iraq to Central Asia
and India. The species have not yet been determined to be monophyletic
(Mousavi et al. 2022). \emph{Psammogeton} Edgew. comprises of fourteen
species distributed in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, China, India, Iran,
Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Moluccas, Nepal,
New Guinea, Pakistan, Phillipines, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan, and other parts of Central Asia (Hassler 2004--2022, POWO
2023). \emph{Psammogeton anethifolia} , \emph{P. biternatum} , \emph{P.
canescens} , \emph{P. diffusus} , \emph{P. involucratum} , and \emph{P.
shivalikense} are the species that comprise the genus in India (Bhellum
and Magotra 2023a,b). In Jammu and Kashmir, \emph{Psammogeton
anethifolia} , \emph{P. biternatum} , \emph{P. canescens,} and \emph{P.
shivalikense} one of the authors (BLB) gathered some fascinating
specimens from the lowlands of the Jammu region, the new species' sole
home range, (Fig.1), between 2018 and 2022.

Perusal of floristic literature Boissier (1872), Clarke (1879), Hiroe
and Constance (1958), Kitamura (1960), Nasir (1972), Babu (1977), Ahmed
and Koul (1980), Sharma and Kachroo (1981, 1983), Mukherjee (1983),
Mukherjee and Constance (1986), Hedge et al. (1987), Rechinger (1987),
Mohanan and Pimenov 2007, Ghazanfar and Edonson (2014), Pimenov (2017),
Ajani and Mozaffarian (2019), Pimenov et al. (2019), and Kljuykov
(2019), reveal that the species has not yet been named. The accuracy of
the species and description has been verified by consulting floristic
literature ( Nasir 1972, Mukherjee 1983, Hedge et al. 1987, Rechinger
1987, Hamal and Koul 1989, Mukherjee and Constance 1993, Khatoon and Ali
1993, Pimenov and Leonov 1993, Downie et al. 2000, Assadi et al. 2008,
Pimenov et al. 2019, Kljuykov 2019, Gosavi et al. 2020, 2022).
Additional corroboration was obtained from herbarium specimens kept in
several domestic and international herbaria. It was established by
comparing these specimens and consulting pertinent literature that the
species had gone unreported, possibly as a result of its modest size and
patchy distribution in the sandy beds. Therefore, considering the unique
attributes and comparative morphological analyses, we identified and
exhibited the new species under the proposed
appellation\emph{Psammogeton hirsuta} (Fig. 1). Additionally, other
information about phenology and ecology, floral components, and fruit
morphology is also discussed. The Himalaya, the sub-Himalayan region,
and the lowlands of the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir are home to
the species\emph{Psammogeton} . Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Himachal
Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab,
Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tripura, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal
are the other states that include \emph{Psammogeton} species. The
species of \emph{Psammogeton} exhibit similarities with the
genus\emph{Aphanopleura} , which is differentiated from closely related
genera of this group (Downie et al. 2010).

\textbf{Material and Methods}

Based on the field data gathered between 2018 and 2022 from natural
populations on the river's sandy banks close to Jammu, the herbarium
sheets were prepared using prescribed methods (Jain and Rao 1977;
Bridson and Gorman 1999). The Indian Institute of Integrative Medicines
(IIIM) Janaki Ammal Herbarium has the voucher specimens of the new
species with the abbreviation RRLH indexed in Thiers 2018. Different
herbaria's closely related species were consulted, including the Royal
Botanic Gardens, Kew (K), the Plants of the World Online with nos.
K000695495, and K000695496, Natural History Museum Viena(W0054043), and
the Harbier Museum Paris (P00834467). The herbarium and live specimens
were used in part for the study of plant morphology. With the aid of a
blade, the mericarp sections were generated for stereographic
examination. For a description and a glossary of terms for the new
species, Vogel (1980), Hickey 1973, Harris and Harris (2001) were
consulted. All measurements were taken from the fresh and dried
material.

\textbf{Taxonomic Treatment}

\emph{Psammogeton hirsuta} \textbf{------ (Fig. 2, 3, 4)}

Diagnosis

The new species is closely related to \emph{Psammogeton canescens} and
differs from it in having

A species similar to \emph{P. canescens} and \emph{P. shivalikense} but
differing from these by 3--6 cm height; stem Zig-zag, leaves densely
hirsute, bracts, 5--7 mm long, hairy both abaxially and adaxially
including margins; obovate, oblong, 3--5 bracteoles, 4--7 mm long; 3--6
unequal rays, ca 1 cm long. The peduncle is hirsute; 1--6 flowers per
umbellet; pollen grains are sub-ractangular to ractangular, rugulate at
the equatorial region; fruits differing in shape, being oblong; hairs
are up to 1.7 mm long.

\textbf{Type}

India, Jammu and Kashmir, District Jammu, Jammu river beds near Mandal,
320. \selectlanguage{english}6799 N 740. \selectlanguage{english}7462 E. 280 m a.s.l. 26 Apr. B. L. Bhellum 15566
(RLLH-- holotype).

Etymology

The specific epithet \emph{hirsuta} refers to hirsute indumenta on
leaves and stem.

\textbf{Description}

Annual, erect, 3--6 cm tall, densely hirsute herb. Root with a tap root
system. Stem branched, hollow, slender, striate; internodes shorter,
nodes prominent. Radical leaves numerous, arising with a sheathy base,
nerves prominent, margin hyaline, ciliate; basal leaves petiolate,
2-ternate, base sheathy, upper surface somewhat glabrous, densely
hirsute underneath, lobes cuneate; cauline leaves shortly petiolate,
similar, rather smaller. Inflorescence axillary, terminal, leaf-opposed,
compound umbel, umbellet 4-6 flowered. Peduncle ribbed, shortly to
densely hirsute. rays unequal, the peripheral longer than the central
ones. Pedicels 2-4 mm long. Involucre of five bracts, base cuneate,
obovate, hirsute all over, green, foliaceous, acuminate, persistent.
Involucel of five bracteoles, oblanceolate or obovate, transparent,
membranous, margins ciliate. Flowers bisexual, pentameous, white tinged
with light purple. Corolla polypetalous, petals five, obovate,
emerginate, subequal, outer petal rotate, \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 1.4 mm long, white tinged
purple, margin slightly irregular, inflexed, acuminate, tip slightly
curved. Stamens five, free, ± 2.3 mm long, glabrous, alternipetalous,
inflexed in buds, longer than the petal, anthers bithecous, yellow,
dehiscence longitudinal. Pollen grains sub-ractangular to ractangular,
rugulate at the equatorial region, exine thicker at the equatorial zone;
Ovary bicarpellary syncarpous, inferior, bilocular, hairy, styles two,
dark purple, persistent, crowning ovary, swollen disc present at the
base of styles forming stylobodium, dark purplish; stigmas two,
capitate. Fruit a schizocarp, ellipsoid or oblong, slightly broader in
the middle, tapering at both ends, mericarps two, laterally compressed,
dorsally constricted at commissures, primary and secondary ridges
slightly winged, variable, primary ridges more prominent, densely hairy
than the secondary ridges.

Phenology

Flowering and fruiting in early summer from end of March to early May.

Distribution

So far known from the type locality in small patches.

Habitat and Ecological note

The plants of the new species grow in dry places along sandy beds along
river. The species is found in association with \emph{Ageratum
conuzoides} L., \emph{Allium roylei} Stearn, \emph{Alternanthera
pungens} L., \emph{Argyrolobium roseum} (Camb.) Jaub. \&
Spach.,\emph{Chenopodium abrosoides} L., \emph{Crotalaria prostrata}
Rattl. ex Willd., \emph{Cyperus rotundus} L., \emph{Evolvulus
alsinoides} (L.) L.,\emph{Cynodon dactylon} (L.) Pers.,
\emph{Heliotropium strigosum}Willd., and \emph{Lathyrus aphaca} L.

Conservation status

The species is classified as critically endangered because the number of
individuals in its population is less than 250, scattered in small
patches in an area of about 2 km\textsuperscript{2}. Based on the data,
according to IUCN guidelines (version 15.1), it should be considered
critically endangered.

Table 1. Morphological comparison among \emph{Psammogeton hirsuta} and
its closely allied \emph{P. cansescens} and \emph{P. shivalikense}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}llll@{}}
\toprule
\textbf{Chracter} & Psammogeton hirsuta & P. Canescens & P.
Shivalikense\tabularnewline
Plant (cm tall) & 3--6, hirsute & (5-) 8--30, pubescent & 1--3,
pubescent\tabularnewline
stem & distinctly Zig-zag & Straightened & Straightened\tabularnewline
Leaves & densely hirsute & softly pubescent & softly
pubescent\tabularnewline
Flowers & upto 6 per umbellet & upto 12 per umbellet & upto 5
umbellet\tabularnewline
Peduncle (cm) & upto 1.2 & upto 9 & upto 1\tabularnewline
Rays & \selectlanguage{ngerman}±5 & \selectlanguage{ngerman}±12 & \selectlanguage{ngerman}±4\tabularnewline
Bracts & \selectlanguage{ngerman}±3, densely hairy on & \selectlanguage{ngerman}±4, hairy on midribs & \selectlanguage{ngerman}±2, hairy on
midribs\tabularnewline
& both surfaces \& margins & and margins & and margins\tabularnewline
Bracteoles & Obovate oblong & Oblong & Obovate or oblong\tabularnewline
Stylopodium & conical & narrowly conical & conical\tabularnewline
Style & 0.8 -- 1.0 & 1--1.5 mm long & 1--1.2 mm\tabularnewline
Fruit hair & \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 1.7 mm & \selectlanguage{ngerman}±1.5 mm & \selectlanguage{ngerman}±1.4 mm\tabularnewline
Fruit & Oblong & Ellipsoid oblong & Ovoid oblong\tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}

\textbf{Keys to Indian species of \emph{Psammogeton} Edgew.}

1. Plants 2--3 cm tall; stem usually unbranched; involucres of \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 2
ovate--lanceolate bracts; involucels of 1--5 bractlets
-----------------------------------------------------------

\emph{P. shivalikense}

-- Plants 5--40 cm tall; stem branched; involucres of ± 5 linear
lanceolate bracts; involuces of 5--8 bractlets
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2

2. Umbels with reduced peduncle
---------------------------------------------------

\emph{P. suchaniense}

-- Umbels with well developed peduncles
-------------------------------------------------------- 3

3. Stem zig-zags, sparsely to densely hirsute; leaves sparsely to
densely hirsute underneath; bracts densely hairy all over; hairs longer
than double the width of fruits ---------- \emph{P. hirsuta}

-- Stem never zig-zags glabrous or pubescent; leaves glabrous to
pubescent with soft hairs underneath; bracts hairy on margins; hairs
equal to or shorter than double the length of width
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4

2. Basal branches widely divergent; leaves 2-- or 3--pinnatisect, with
segments cuneate, glabrous schizocarps ovoid
-------------------------------------------------------------

\emph{P. biternatum}

-- Basal branches dichotomously branched, not divergent; leaves 1- or
2--ternatisect, with segments obcuneate, pubescent, or glabrescent;
schizocarps ellipsoid--oblong --------------

\emph{P. canescens}

\textbf{Discussion and Conclusion}

Despite achieving general uniformity in a variety of vegetative and
floral features, \emph{Psammogeton} still exhibits a substantial degree
of variation in fruit morphology, which explains the significance that
fruit has in the opinion of umbellifer taxonomists. Although the fruit
type across all umbellifers is the same, there are differences in the
mericarp, fruit surface texture, and fruit appendages. Therefore, in
systematics, these traits play a significant role.~Different scientists
including Drude (1898), Dhakre (1964), Holtum (1968), Arora (1976),
Heywood and Dakshni (1971), and Katz-Downie (1999), have developed
taxonomic delimitations using a variety of fruit traits. Among these
features, the anatomy and morphology shine out. Although anatomical
features and external morphology are more conservative, this does not
diminish the value of morphology research because surface characters are
easier to spot than deeply embedded internal traits. Keeping this in
view, the current authors have made an attempt to distinguish different
species in the genus \emph{Psammogeton} in the north-west of India. The
results show that surface traits of fruit have enough potential for
genus and sometimes even species delimitation, taking into account the
potentiality of umbellifer taxa and their assessment of surface
architecture.~Analyses of morphology show that \emph{Psammogeton
hirsuta} should be considered a new species (North-West, India). In the
majority of the qualitative and quantitative traits shown in Table 1, it
is comparable to the normal species of \emph{P. canescens} . The plant,
which favours subtropical climates, grows in arid, sandy areas close to
Jammu. The new species appears to be in the process of extending its
geographic range from Jammu and the surrounding areas westward. There
are several species of \emph{Psammogeton} that are thought to call this
region of Jammu and Kashmir home.

Additional specimens examined (Paratype)

India, Jammu and Kashmir, District Jammu, Mandal, 32\selectlanguage{english}0. 6799 N 740. \selectlanguage{english}7462
E. 280 m a.s.l. 26 Apr. B. L. Bhellum 15667 (JUBH).

\emph{Acknowledgements --}

\textbf{Conflict of interest statement}

The authors declare that there is no potential source of conflict of
interest.

\textbf{Authors Contribution}

\textbf{----------------- :}Conceptulization ---- lead, Investigation
---- lead, Methodology ---- equal, Resources ---- equal, Validation
----- equal, Writing original draft ---- lead, Writing review and
editing ---- equal

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\textbf{:} Conceptulization ---- supporting,
Investigation ---- supporting , Methodology --- equal, Resources ----
equal, Validation ---- equal, Writing original draft -- supporting,
Writing review and editing ---- equal

\textbf{Data availability statement}

The article contains data relevant to current investigation. There are
no additional data available for this research.

\textbf{References}

Ahmed, I. and Koul, A. K. 1980. In I. O. P. B. Chromosome number
reports, LXVIII. -- Taxon 29: 543\textbf{.}

Ajani, Y. and Mozaffarian, V. 2019. \emph{Trachyspermum reginei} Ajani
\& Mozaff. (Apiaceae) from southwest Iran. -- Nord. J. Bot. 37(6): 1--6.

Assadi, M. et al. 2008. Flora of Iran. Vol. 1--60. -- Research Institute
of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran (in Persian).

Babu, C. R. 1977. Herbaceous Flora of Dehra Dun. -- Publication and
Information Division (CSIR), New Delhi.

Bhellum, B. L. and Magotra, R. 2023a. \emph{Psammogeton
shivalikense}(Apiaceae: Pimpinelleae), restricted to Shivalik hills of
Jammu and Kashmir (North-West India). -- Nord. J. Bot. 2023 (1).
doi:10.1111/njb.03691.

Bhellum, B. L. and Magotra, R. 2023b. \emph{Psammogeton
suchaniense}(Apiaceae; Pimpinelleae) from India. -- Nord. J. Bot. 2023
(3). doi: 10.1111/njb.03813.

Boissier, E. 1872. Umbelliferae. In: Boissier, E. (ed.) Flora
Orientalis, Vol 2. H. Georg, Geneva \& Basileae, pp. 819--1090.

Buchman, S. et al. 2011. Supporting Red List Assessment with GeoCat:
geospatial Conservation Assessment tool. In: Smith, V. Penev L. (eds.)
e-infrastructures for data publishing in biodiversity science. Zookeys
150: 117--126. doi. 10.3897/Zookeys. 150.2109. www.zookeys.org

Clarke, C. B. 1879. Umbelliferae In: J. D. Hooker (eds.) The Flora o
British India. Vol. II. -- L. Reeve \& Co. London. pp. 665--720.

Covaerts, R. et al. 2021. The World Checklist of Vascular Plants, a
continuously updated resource for exploring global plant diversity. --
https//doi.org/10.1038/s41597-00997-6

(https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597--021--00997--6) Scientific Data 8.215.

Downie, S. R. et al. 2000 Molecular systematics of Old World Apioideae
(Apiaceae): relationships among some members of tribe Peucedaneae sensu
lato, the placement of several island-endemic species, and resolution
within the apioid superclade. -- Canad. J. Bot. 78:506--528. https
://doi.org/10.1139/b00-029.

Downie, S. R. et al. 2010. Major clades within Apiaceae subfamily
Apioideae as inferred by phylogenetic analysis of nrDNA ITS sequences.
-- Plant Div. Evol. 128: 111--136.
https://doi.org/10.1127/1869--6155/2010/0128--0005.

Drude, O. 1898. Umbelliferae. In: Engler A, Prantl K (eds) Die
nat\selectlanguage{ngerman}ürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, vol. 3. -- Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp
63--250.

Ghazanfar, S. A. and Edmondson, J. R. (eds.) 2013. Flora of Iraq. 5(2):
1--349. -- Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian reforms, Baghdad.

Ghazanfar, S. A. and Edmondson, J. R. (eds.) 2014. Flora of Iraq. Vol.
5. part 2 -- Lythraceae to Campanulaceae.

Gosavi, K. V. C. et al. 2020. \emph{Pinda shrirangii} , a new elegant
species of Apiaceae from the northern Western Ghats, India. -- Nord. J.
Bot. 2020: e02771. doi: 10.1111/njb.02771.

Gosavi, K. V. C. et al. 2022. \emph{Shrirangia:} a new genus of Apiaceae
from lateritic plateaus of Konkan region of Maharashtra, India. -- Nord.
J. Bot. 2022: e03442. doi: 10.1111/njb.03442.

Hamal, I. A. and Koul, A. K. 1989. Taxonomic position of \emph{Centella
asiatica} (L.) Urban. -- Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Plant Sci.) 99 (4):
363--368.

Hassler, M. 2022. Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the
World. In Bánki,O. Roskov, Y., Döring, M., Ower, G., Vandepitte, L.,
Hoben, D., Remsen, D., Schalk, P., DeWalt, R. E., Keping, M., Miller,
J., Orrell, T., Aalbu, R., Adlard, R., Adriaenssens, E., Aedo, C.,
Aescht, E., Akkari, N. and Alonso-Zarazaga, M. A. (eds.), Catalogue of
Life Checklist (12.9, Jan 2022). -- https://doi.org/10.48580/d4tn-3dd.

Hedge, I. C. et al.Umbelliferae 1987. In: Rechinger, K. H. (ed.), Flora
Iranica 162: 1--555. -- Akademische Druck 4. Verlagsanstalt, Graz.

Heywood, V. H. and Dakshini, K. M. M. 1971. Fruit structure in the
Umbelliferae -- Caucalideae. In: Heywood, V. H. (ed.), The Biology,
Chemistry of the Umbelliferae, London. pp. 217-232.

Hiroe, M and Constance, L. 1958. Umbelliferae of Japan. -- Univ. Calif.
Publ. Bot. 31: 1-- 144.

IUCN. 2022. Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and
Criteria are reguraly updated: the current version 15.1 prepared by the
standard and petition committee, Cambridge. -- http: // www.iucnredlist.
org/ resources/ redlistguidelines.

Jain, S. K. and Rao, R. R. 1977. A Handbook of Field and Herbarium
methods. -- Today \& Tomorrow's Printers and Publishers, New Delhi.

Katz-Downie, D. S. et al. 1999. Towards a molecular phylogeny of
Apicaceae subfamily Apioideae: additional information from nuclear
ribosomal DNA ITS sequences. -- Pl. Syst. Evol. 216: 167- 195. -- https:
//doi.org/10.1007/BF01084397.

Khatoon, S and Ali, S. I. 1993. Chromosome atlas of angiosperms of
Pakistan. -- Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi.

Kitamura, S. 1960. Flora of Afghanistan. -- Kyoto University Nissha
Printing Co. Ltd. Japan.

Kljuykov, E. et al. 2019. \emph{Tetrataenium kumaonense} (Apiaceae), a
new species from northern India and the taxonomic assessment
of\emph{Tetrataenium himalayense} . -- Botany letters 166 (4): 417--424.

Mohanan, N. and Pimenov, M. G. 2007. A new genus of Apiaceae from
Peninsular India. -- Botanicheskii Zhurnal 92: 900--905.

Mousavi, S. S. et al. 2022. Systematics of Iranian
genera\emph{Aphanopleura} , \emph{Demavendia} , \emph{Haussknechtia}
,\emph{Psammogeton} and \emph{Zeravschania} (Apiaceae tribe
Pimpinelleae. -- Pl. Syst. Evol. 308(2). 2022. https:// doi.
org/10.1007/s00606 -- 021-- 01792 -- x.

Mukherjee, P. K. 1983. Distribution and collection of rare Umbellifers
in India, In: Jain, S. K. and Rao, R. R. An assessment of threatened
plants of India. Botanical Survey of India. pp. 202--206.

Mukherjee, P. K. and Constance, L. 1986. Two new genera of Indian
Umbelliferae -- Apiaceae -- Brittonia 38: 145 --149.

Mukherjee, P. K. and Constance, L. 1993. Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) of
India. -- Oxford and IBH Publ. Co., New Delhi.

Nasir, E. 1972. Umbelliferae In: Nasir, E. and Ali, S. I. (eds.) Flora
of West Pakistan. 20: 1--169. -- Ferozsons Ltd. Rawalpindi.

Pimenov, M. G. 2017. Updated checklist of Chinese Umbelliferae:
nomenclature synonyms, typification, distribution. -- Turczaninowia 20:
106--239.

Pimenov, M. G. and Leonov, E. V. 1993. The genera of Umbelliferae. -- R.
Bot. Gard. Kew.

Pimenov, M. G. and Leonov, E. V. 2004. The Asian Umbelliferae
Biodiversity Database (ASIUM) with particular reference to south Asian
taxa. -- Turk. J. Bot. 28: 139--145.

Pimenov, M. G. et al. 2019. What is \emph{Seseli diffusum} ? A
comparative morphological and molecular appraisal of critical species of
Umbelliferae. -- Plant Syst. Evol. 305: 49--59.

POWO. 2023.The plants of the World Online, Facilitated by the Royal
Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available online: http:// www.
plantsoftheworldonline.org. (Accessed on 7 January 2023).

Rechinger, K. H. 1987. Flora Iranica 162: 144. -- Akademische Druck--u.
Verlagsanstalt.

Sharma, B. M. and Kachroo, P. 1981. Flora of Jammu and Plants of
neighbourhood. Vol. I. -- Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun.

Sharma, B. M. and Kachroo, P. 1983. Illustrations to the Flora of Jammu
and Plants of neighbourhood. Vol. II. -- Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal
Singh, Dehra Dun.\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/Figure-1/Figure-1}

\end{center}
\end{figure}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/Fig-1-of-130-p/Fig-1-of-130-p}

\end{center}
\end{figure}

\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`Fig. 1. 130.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/723594/articles/708267-psammogeton-hirsuta-apiaceae-pimpinelleae-a-new-species-from-india}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/Figure-3-of-130/Figure-3-of-130}

\end{center}
\end{figure}

\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

