Animals |
Animals |
Animals |
Animals |
Animals |
Bufonidae |
Bufo turanensis (2n = 2x = 22) X Bufo pewzowi
(2n = 4x = 44)allo
|
Kyrgyzstan |
Diploid |
Stöck et
al. (2010) |
Cyprinidae |
Squalius alburnoides (2n = 2x = 50; 3n = 75; 4n =
100) X S. pyrenaicus (2n = 2x = 50)allo
|
Iberia |
- |
Alves et al. (2001); Crespo-López et al.
(2007) |
Myobatrachidae |
Neobatrachus sutor (2n = 2x = 24) x N.
kunapalari (2n = 4x = 48)auto
|
Australia |
Tetraploid |
Novikova et al. (2020) |
Plants |
Plants |
Plants |
Plants |
Plants |
Aspleniaceae |
Asplenium scolopendrium (2n = 2x = 72) x A.
adiantum-nigrum (2n = 4x = 144) |
Britain |
- |
Stace et al.
(2015) |
Cyatheaceae |
Gymnosphaera denticulata (2n = 2x = 138) x G.
metteniana (2n = 4x = 274)allo
|
China |
Tetraploid |
Wang et al. (2020) |
Dryopteridaceae |
Polystichum setiferum (2n = 2x = 82) x P.
aculeatum (2n = 4x = 164) |
Britain |
- |
Manton (1950) |
Asteraceae |
Achillea clypeolata (2n = 2x = 18) x A.
collina (2n = 4x = 36)allo
|
Bulgaria |
Tetraploid |
Guo et al. (2005) |
Asteraceae |
Achillea setacea (2n = 2x = 18) x Achillea
collina (2n = 4x = 36) |
|
|
Ma et al. (2010) |
Asteraceae |
Achillea asplenifolia (2n = 2x = 18) x
Achillea collina (2n = 4x = 36) |
|
|
Ma et al.
(2010) |
Asteraceae |
Centaurea pseudophrygia (2n = 2x = 22) x C.
jacea (2n = 4x = 44) |
Czech Republic |
- |
Koutecky et al.
(2011) |
Asteraceae |
Chyrsanthemum indicum (2n = 4x = 36) and C.
vestitum (2n = 6x = 54) |
China |
Both |
Qi et al.
(2022) |
Asteraceae |
Cirsium carniolicum ssp. rufescens (2n = 2x =
16) x C. palustre (2n = 4x = 34) |
France |
Tetraploid |
Segarra-Moragues et al. (2007) |
Asteraceae |
Ixeris repens (2n = 2x = 16) x I. debilis (2n
= 6x = 48)auto
|
Japan |
Hexaploid(?) |
Denda &
Yokota (2003) |
Asteraceae |
Packera paupercula (2n = 4x = 44) x P.
indecora (2n = 8x = 88) |
USA; Michigan |
- |
Kowal et al.
(2011) |
Asteraceae |
Senecio madagascariensis (2n = 2x = ?) x S.
pinnatifolius (2n = 4x = ?) |
Australia |
- |
Prentis et al.
(2007) |
Asteraceae |
Senecio squalidus (2n = 2x = 20) x S.
vulgaris (2n = 4x = 40)allo
|
Britain |
Tetraploid;
chromosome doubling |
Abbott et al. (2007); Irwin & Abbott (1992);
Abbott et al. (1992); Chapman & Abbott (2010); Abbott & Lowe,
(2004) |
Betulaceae |
Betula nana (2n = 2x = 28) x B. pubescens (2n
= 4x = 56)allo
|
Britain |
Tetraploid; both(?) |
Wang
et al. (2014); Thorsson et al. (2007); Palme et al.
(2004) |
Betulaceae |
Betula pendula (2n = 2x = 28) x B. pubescens
(2n = 4x = 56)allo
|
Britain |
Tetraploid |
Zohren et
al. (2016) |
Betulaceae |
Betula × purpusii (2n = 5x = 70) x B.
alleghaniensis (2n = 6x = 84)allo
|
Michigan; USA |
Hexaploid |
Barnes & Dancik (1985) |
Brassicaceae |
Cardamine apennina (2n =2x = 16) x C.
amporitana (2n = 4x = 32) |
Italy |
Tetraploid |
Lihova et al.
(2004) |
Brassicaceae |
Cardamine × insueta (2n = 3x = 24) x
C. pratensis (2n = 4x = 32) |
Switzerland |
- |
Mandakova et al.
(2013) |
Brassicaceae |
Cochlearia officinalis (2n = 4x = 24) x C.
danica (2n = 6x = 42) |
Britain |
Tetraploid |
Fearn
(1977) |
Brassicaceae |
Draba incana (2n = 4x = 32) x D. norvegica
(2n = 6x = 48)allo
|
Scandinavia |
- |
Brochmann et
al. (1992) |
Brassicaceae |
Draba nivalis (2n = 2x = 16) x D. daurica
(2n = 8x = 64) |
Scandinavia |
- |
Brochmann et al.
(1992) |
Brassicaceae |
Draba arctica (2n = 10x = 80) x D.
corymbosa (2n = 16x = 128)allo
|
Scandinavia |
- |
Brochmann et al. (1992) |
Brassicaceae |
Rorippa austraica (2n = 2x = 16) x R.
sylvestris (2n = 4x/6x = 32/48) |
Germany |
Both |
Bleeker (2003), see
also Bleeker (2007) |
Fabaceae |
Lotus stepposus (2n = 2x = 12) x L. ×
ucrainicus (2n = 4x =24)allo
|
Ukraine, Turkmenistan,
Kazakhstan, Mongolia |
- |
Kramina et al. (2018) |
Liliaceae |
Erythronium mesochoreum (2n = 2x = 22) x E.
albidum (2n = 4x = 44) |
Nebraska; USA |
- |
Roccaforte et al.
(2015) |
Orchidaceae |
Dactylorhiza fuchsii (2n = 2x = 40) x D.
praetermissa (2n = 4x = 80)allo
|
Belgium |
- |
De
Hert et al. (2012) |
Orchidaceae |
Dactylorhiza incarnata (2n = 2x = 40) x D.
praetermissa (2n = 4x = 80)allo
|
Belgium |
- |
De
Hert et al. (2012); De Hert et al. (2011) |
Orchidaceae |
Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. cruenta (2n =
2x = 40) x D. lapponica (2n = 4x = 80)allo
|
Norway |
Tetraploid |
Aagaard et al. (2005) |
Orchidaceae |
Dactylorhiza incarnata (2n = 2x = 40) x D.
traunsteineri (2n = 4x = 80)allo
|
Sweden |
Tetraploid |
Hedren (2003); see also Balao et al. (2017) |
Orchidaceae |
Dactylorhiza fuchsii (2n = 2x = 40) x D.
maculata (2n = 4x = 80)auto
|
Europe to Caucasus |
- |
Shipunov et al. (2004) |
Orchidaceae |
Epidendrum fulgens (2n = 2x = 24) x E.
puniceoluteum (2n = 4x = 52) |
Brazil |
Tetraploid |
Pinheiro et al.
(2010) |
Orobanchaceae |
Euphrasia anglica (2n = 2x = 22) x E.
micrantha (2n = 4x = 44)allo
|
Britain |
Diploid(?) |
Yeo (1956); French et al. (2008) |
Phrymaceae |
Mimulus guttatus (2n = 2x = 28) x M. luteus
(2n = 4x = 60-2)allo
|
Britain |
Chromosome doubling |
Vallejo-Marin (2012) |
Plantaginaceae |
Callitriche cophocarpa (2n = 2x = 10) x
C. platycarpa (2n = 4x = 20)allo
|
Europe |
- |
Prancl et al. (2014) |
Poaceae |
Miscanthus sacchariflorus (2n = 4x = 76)
auto x M. sinensis (2n = 2x = 38)
|
Korea and
Japan |
Tetraploid |
Clark et al. (2019) |
Poaceae |
Vulpia fasciculata (2n = 4x = 28) x Festuca
rubra (2n = 6x = 42) |
Britain |
Hexaploid(?) |
Bailey et al.
(1993) |
Polygalaceae |
Polygala calcarea (2n = 2x = 34) x P.
vulgaris (2n = 4x = 68) |
Britain |
Tetraploid |
Lack
(1995) |
Polygonaceae |
Fallopica sachaliensis (2n = 4x = 44) x F.
japonica var japonica (2n = 8x = 88) |
Britain |
- |
Bailey (2013); see also Bailey & Wisskirchen, (2004) and Hollingsworth
et al. (1999) |
Polygonaceae |
Rumex obtusifolius (2n = 4x = 40) x R.
aquaticus (2n = 20x = 200) |
Britain |
20-ploid |
Ruhsam et al.
(2015) |
Primulaceae |
Dodecatheon frenchii (2n = 2x = 44) x D.
meadia (2n = 4x = 88) |
Illinois; USA |
Tetraploid |
Oberle et al.
(2012) |
Rannunculaceae |
Aconitum variegatum (2n = 2x = 16) x A.
firmum (2n = 4x = 32)allo
|
Europe |
Diploid? |
Sutkowska et al. (2017) |
Rannunculaceae |
Ficaria calthifolia (2n = 2x = 16) x F.
verna subsp. verna (2n = 4x = 32) |
Europe |
- |
Popelka et al.
(2019) |
Rosaceae |
Rosa rugosa (2n = 2x = 14) x R. mollis (2n = 4x
= 28) |
Europe |
Tetraploid |
Kellner et al. (2012) |
Violaceae |
Viola reichenbachiana (2n = 2x = 20) x V.
riviniana (2n = 4x = 40)allo
|
Germany |
- |
Neuffer et al. (1999); see also Migdalek et al. (2017) |
Violaceae |
Viola epipsila (2n = 4x = 24) x V. palustris (2n = 8x
= 48)allo
|
Poland |
Putative F1s dominate |
Żabicka
et al. (2020) |