Flow cytometry
The cells were stained with fluorescence-conjugated Abs against THBS1 (Cat # MA5-13398, Invitrogen/Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA), CD4, IFN‐γ, IL-17 or Foxp3 (eBioscience, San Diego, CA). For intracellular staining of cytokines, the cells were treated with an intracellular fixation buffer (eBioscience™ IC Fixation Buffer, Invitrogen/Thermo Fisher Scientific) before staining. For Foxp3 staining, eBioscience™ Foxp3/Transcription Factor Staining Buffer Set (Cat # 00-5523-00, Invitrogen/Thermo Fisher Scientific) was used. The stained cells were assayed using a flow cytometer (Cytek Aurora Flow Cytometer, Cytek biosciences) and data were analyzed using FlowJo software (Tree Star, Inc., Ashland, OR).