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\begin{document}

\title{Promising Electrode Material for Biobattery POWER: Oil Palm Front (OPF)
Activated Carbon}



\author[1]{Yunita Triana}%
\author[1]{Muhammad Ilham Akbar}%
\author[1]{Natasya Zahirah}%
\author[1]{Yogi Mirza Pangestu Utomo}%
\author[1]{* Risnawati}%
\author[2]{Widi Astuti}%
\author[1]{Fikan Mubarok Rohimsyah}%
\affil[1]{Institut Teknologi Kalimantan Program Studi Teknik Material dan Metalurgi}%
\affil[2]{Balai Riset dan Standardisasi Industri Bandar Lampung}%


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  \date{June 17, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
This study aims to investigate the effect of NaOH immersion time and
concentration on the activation of carbon from Oil Palm Frond (OPF),
specifically focusing on the surface morphology and characteristics as
the electrodes to biobattery application. The method employed involves
carbonization and activation with NaOH at various concentrations: 0.5 M,
1 M, 1.5 M, 2 M, and 2.5 M, along with different immersion times of 12,
18, 24, 30, and 36 hours. Subsequently, the activated carbon is analyzed
using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to observe its morphology,
and the Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) method is utilized to determine the
carbon surface area. Furthermore, a voltage test uses a multimeter to
assess the electric potential properties. Another outcome of this study
is developing a prototype bio-battery POWER. Activated carbon from oil
palm frond (OPF) testing resulted in 1 M NaOH, giving the highest
surface area of 336.493 m \textsuperscript{2}g \textsuperscript{-1}, and
immersion time at 30 hours gave the optimum result of 396,808 m
\textsuperscript{2}g \textsuperscript{-1}. At the same time, the
biobattery electrical test voltage of 0,653 V at a concentration of 1 M
and 0,902 V at 30 hours of immersion.%
\end{abstract}%



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