3. Surgical techniques
Patients underwent endonasal endoscopic surgery by a skilled surgeon in
a tertiary care center. Depending on the tumour location and extension
different surgical procedures were performed. All procedures were
carried out with image-guided surgical navigation (Kick® EM, Brainlab,
Heimstetten, Germany).
As most inverted papillomas grow into the maxillary sinus, most
interventions consist of a modified endoscopic Denker’s
procedure.9
In this study we distinguish in our modified endoscopic Denker’s
procedures between a medial maxillectomy type 2 and type 3.
With a tumour outside of the maxillary sinus, endoscopic excision with
or without functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) was performed.