ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors extend their appreciation to Rohini Deshpande and Gang Xue for their invaluable inspiration, strategic guidance, and managerial support in the development of the µSI process analyzer and the A2P2 systems. We acknowledge Neil Soice and Nitin Rathore for their guidance from the Drug Substance and Drug Product perspectives in our PAT projects. Our gratitude goes to Alicia Zeng for her pioneering work at AMA (Amgen Massachusetts), where she implemented the µSI process analyzer for real-time MAM data collection from a production bioreactor. We also express our gratitude to the ATO (Amgen Thousand Oaks) Rapid Analytics team members Eleanor Le, Jennifer Zapparelli, Danielle Borchard, and Miranda Hutt for their assistance during the A2P2 system’s comparability testing phase. Gary Li, Da Ren, and Jason Richardson are acknowledged for their strategic and technical input during the early phase of A2P2 development for MAM, alongside Tom Dillon for his expertise in LC software operation, which improved our understanding of the SST and IRC algorithms.