Figure 6. Summary of the flexural strength results
Because of the compilation, it can be stated that all sample batches
produced with the new tool can generate high flexural strengths with
little deviation. Similar to the pressure tests, the sprayed samples
also showed the highest strength.
To assess the bond between the sprayed layer and the extruded layer, the
area was subjected to a tensile test. The mean value is 2 MPa (Min. 1.9
MPa Max. 2.2 MPa). The fracture took place in the extrudate. According
to DIN 18555-6 it is a cohesive fracture. This means that the contact
zone is more resilient than the joining partners are.
Overall, it can be stated that the extrudates produced with the new tool
achieve a very high level in terms of strength and deviations.
4. Conclusions
The aim of the work was to determine and compare the material properties
of test specimens produced by casting (in accordance with standards) and
by means of extrusion technology to be able to draw conclusions about
anisotropic material behaviour caused by the extrusion process. As a
part of the investigation, process-related influences on the mechanical
parameters of additively manufactured concrete elements were examined
and evaluated in more details. Based on the findings obtained, design
and dimensioning of components can be conducted and thus guidelines for
components can be achieved. With the guidelines derived from this,
material utilization and economic efficiency can be improved and the
principles of lightweight construction can be implemented.
Acknowledgements
The European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) via the Saxon Development
Bank (SAB) funded the extrusion system used for this article. A priority
program SPP 2187 of the DFG funded the development of the tool and the
research performance. The authors would like to thank the donor of
subsidies for the financial support.
References
[1] M. Lindner, E. Rudolph R. Gliniorz, H. Funke, S. Gelbrich, L.
Kroll. 2021 , Kontinuierliche Fertigung von dünnwandigen
faserverstärkten Präzisions-Betonelementen für freigeformte
Modulbauweisen , ICCX Western Europe; Poster.
[2] M. Lindner, R. Scharf-Wildenhain, R. Gliniorz, H. Funke, S.
Gelbrich, L. Kroll. 2021 , Kalibrierverfahren für
konstante Materialstränge bei robotergestützer Betonextrusion , Beton-
und Stahl-betonbau 116, Sonderheft Schneller bauen S2,
https://doi.org/10.1002/best.202100051, S. 42-47.
[3] M. Lindner, K. Mandel, R. Gliniorz, H. Funke, S. Gelbrich, L.
Kroll. 2021 , Kontinuierliche Fertigung von dünnwandigen
faserverstärkten Präzisions-Betonelementen für freigeformte
Modulbauweisen (KoBeMo) , BetonWerk International Nr. 1, ISSN 1437-9023,
S. 28-29.
[4] M. Lindner, K. Vanselow, R. Gliniorz, S. Gelbrich.2020 , Additiv gefertigte Leichtbaustrukturen mit Beton
und Faserbewehrung , Fachtagung Werkstoffe und Additive Fertigung,
https://additive-fertigung-2020.dgm.de/home.
[5] S. Gelbrich, M. Lindner, R. Wagler, R. Gliniorz, K. Vanselow.2020 , Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines
faser- und/oder textilbewehrten mineralischen Bauteils ,
DE102019133755A1.
[6] K. Vanselow, M. Lindner, R. Gliniorz, S. Gelbrich (2021),
Innovative technology of additive manufacturing of textile concrete for
lightweight structures, Aachen-Dresden-Denkendorf In-ternational Textile
Conference 2021.
[7] DBV/VDZ DBV/VDZ Merkblatt Sichtbeton;
https://www.baunetzwissen.de/beton/tipps/planungshilfen/dbv-vdz-merkblatt-sichtbeton-4581763,
12.04.2022.
[8] DIN 18202: Toleranzen im Hochbau - Bauwerke. Ausg. 2019-07.
[9] DIN EN - 206-1: Beton - Teil 1: Festlegung, Eigenschaften,
Herstellung und Konformität. Ausg. 2001-07.
[10] DIN 1045-2: Tragwerke aus Beton, Stahlbeton und
Spannbeton - Teil 2: Beton - Festlegung, Eigenschaften, Herstellung und
Konformität - Anwendungsregeln zu DIN EN 206-1 . 2008 .
[11] DIN EN 12390-2: Prüfung von Festbeton - Teil 2:
Herstellung und Lagerung von Probekörpern für Festigkeitsprüfungen .2009 .
[12] DIN EN 12390-3: Prüfung von Festbeton - Teil 3: Druckfestigkeit
von Probekörpern. 2009 .
[13] DIN EN 12390-5: Prüfung von Festbeton - Teil 5:
Biegezugfestigkeit von Probekörpern . 2009 .
[14] DIN 18555-6: Prüfung von Mörteln mit mineralischen
Bindemitteln; Festmörtel; Bestimmung der Haftzugfestigkeit .1987 .
Received: ((will be filled in by the editorial staff))
Revised: ((will be filled in by the editorial staff))
Published online: ((will be filled in by the editorial staff))
((Supporting Information can be included here using this template))
Supporting Information
Title ((no stars))
Author(s), and Corresponding Author(s)* ((write out full first and last
names))
((Please insert your Supporting Information text/figures here. Please
note: Supporting Display items, should be referred to as Figure S1,
Equation S2, etc., in the main text…)