Data Source
In this retrospective case-non-case study, we used VigiBase, the World Health Organization (WHO) global database of individual case safety reports developed and maintained by Uppsala Monitoring Centre. VigiBase is the largest pharmacovigilance database globally, with over 30 million reports of ADR from 140 countries (https://who-umc.org/vigibase), and contains data on the region of origin, patient (age group and sex), ADR, onset/end date, seriousness, and outcome), and medication data (indication, start/end dates, dose, regimen, and route of administration). WHODrug and MedDRA were used to code the recorded drugs and the adverse effects in this study, respectively. We received institutional review board exempt due to public availability of the database.