Applications Organoid systems Peptide drugs Characteristics Ref.
RPT NET cell lines derived spheroids 177Lu-DOTATATE Evaluation of radiosensitizer drugs. 93, 97, 98
mouse derived tumor spheroids 68Ga-DOTATATE Demonstrate the utility of radiotracers in measure therapeutic effect of RPT. 84
Tumor neoantigens Patient-derived CRC organoids Demonstrate that the organoids are feasible for investigating neoantigen presentation in vitro. 106
Patient-derived hepatobiliary tumor organoids Identify the predicted antigenic peptides that can activate T lymphocytes using organoids. 107
Patient-derived single cell CRC organoids Demonstrate that the HLA class Ⅰ peptide presentation landscape was heterogeneous even within one individual. 110
Cell-penetrating peptides Human primary cell derived multicellular BBB organoids SynB1, L-2, PreS2-TLM Transportan 10, SAP, SAP(E), SVM3, SVM4, Bip(1), Bip(2), (PPR)3, (PPR)5, DPV1047, DPV15, HIV-1 Tat, Penetratin, Engrailed-2, HoxA-13, Polyarginine Demonstrate the feasibility of BBB organoid models for cost-effective and high-throughput CPP screening. 114, 120
Human primary cell derived multicellular BBB organoids Perfluoroarene-based, macrocyclic analogues of transportan-10 Demonstrate that abiotic peptide macrocycles exhibit increased capacity for penetrating to the brain using BBB organoids. 121
Host defense peptides Patients and healthy lung ALI organoids Demonstrate the utility of ALI organoids to study the function of HDPs in respiratory diseases. 128-130
Human primary cell derived lung ALI organoids Esc (1-21) Demonstrate strong potential of Esc (1-21) in protecting the P. aeruginosa infection using ALI organoids. 131
Human alveolar lung cell line derived ALI organoids AA139, M33 Demonstrate that ALI organoids are promising models to predict acute lung toxicity through assessment of various combinations of HDPs and nanocarriers. 132
Other therapeutic peptides Patient-derived CRC organoids staple peptides SAHPA1 and xStAx Demonstrate the potential of these peptides as a novel anti-cancer drug using organoids. 134
Adult mice intestinal epithelium derived organoids dFz7-21 (a peptide specifically binding to FZD7) Demonstrate that dFz7-21 inhibit stem cell function in intestinal organoids. 137