Fig. 4. Observation of bacterial cell wall destruction ofK.pneumoniae. (A) Calcein-AM/PI staining of K.pneumoniae(1×108 CFU mL-1)after various treatments. (normal saline, NIR, HMPB, HMPB + NIR, Ofloxacin, Ofloxacin + NIR, OHH NPs, OHH NPs + NIR). The net concentration of the HMPB substrate in all sample groups has been maintained at 100 μg/mL. (B) The corresponding quantitative analysis of fluorescence intensity by Image J. (C) SEM images of K.pneumoniae cells after various treatments.