Eligibility Criteria
Eligibility criteria were developed for each clinical practice using
PICO elements (Supplemental Digital File 2) by the steering committee
including orthopaedic surgeons, a spine surgeon, a trauma team leader, a
trauma nurse practitioner, and a trauma care coordinator, all practicing
in level I trauma centers. Post-treatment diagnostic interventions and
consultations originally targeted specific fractures (e.g. isolated
closed Mason-Johnson type 1 radial head/neck fracture, non-displaced and
minimally displaced fractures). However, upon consultation of the
literature that provided information on many other types of fractures,
we decided to expand our inclusion criteria for these practices
(Supplemental Digital File 3). Using rapid review
methodology15, we applied successive inclusion
criteria using recognized levels of evidence based on study type, i.e.
systematic reviews, RCTs, prospective observational, retrospective
observational, and case series. We did not use study quality as an
eligibility criterion because of the low quality of studies overall. No
restrictions on date or language were applied.