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\begin{document}

\title{Leaf day respiration involves multiple carbon sources and depends on
previous dark metabolism}



\author[1]{Guillaume Tcherkez}%
\author[1]{Cyril Abadie}%
\author[1]{Julie Lalande}%
\author[1]{Corentin Dourmap}%
\author[1]{Anis Limami}%
\affil[1]{Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences}%


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  \date{June 17, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Day respiration ( \emph{R} \textsubscript{d}) is the metabolic,
non-photorespiratory process by which illuminated leaves liberate CO
\textsubscript{2} during photosynthesis. \emph{R} \textsubscript{d} is
used routinely in photosynthetic models and is thus critical for
calculations. However, metabolic details associated with \emph{R}
\textsubscript{d} are poorly known, and this can be problematic to
predict how \emph{R} \textsubscript{d} changes with environmental
conditions and relates to night respiration. It is often assumed that
day respiratory CO \textsubscript{2} release just reflects `ordinary'
catabolism (glycolysis and Krebs `cycle'). Here, we carried out a
pulse-chase experiment, whereby a \textsuperscript{13}CO
\textsubscript{2} pulse in the light was followed by a chase period in
darkness and then in the light. We took advantage of non-targeted,
isotope-assisted metabolomics to determine non-`ordinary' metabolism,
detect carbon remobilisation, and compare light and dark
\textsuperscript{13}C utilisation. We found that several concurrent
metabolic pathways (`ordinary' catabolism, oxidative pentose phosphates
pathway, amino acid production, nucleotide biosynthesis, and secondary
metabolism) took place in the light and participate in net CO
\textsubscript{2} efflux associated with day respiration. Flux
reconstruction from metabolomics leads to an underestimation of \emph{R}
\textsubscript{d}, further suggesting the contribution of a variety of
CO \textsubscript{2}-evolving processes. Also, the cornerstone of the
Krebs `cycle', citrate, is synthetised de novo from photosynthates
mostly in darkness, and remobilised or synthesised from stored material
in the light. Collectively, our data provides direct evidence that leaf
day respiration ( \emph{i}) involves several CO
\textsubscript{2}-producing reactions and ( \emph{ii}) is fed by
different carbon sources, including stored carbon disconnected from
current photosynthates.%
\end{abstract}%



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\verb`paper_Serie 4_v3 CA.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/383913/articles/671692-leaf-day-respiration-involves-multiple-carbon-sources-and-depends-on-previous-dark-metabolism}

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