Based on morphological and molecular evidence, we herein described Cremanthodium dibangii (Asteraceae) as a new species from India. The species was found growing in the subalpine meadows of Dibang Valley, Arunachal Pradesh, India. A Nucleotide Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLASTn) search of the nrDNA ITS region and the plastid trnC-petN intergenic spacer sequences revealed sequence similarities to C. stenoglossum Y.Ling & S.W.Liu (98.88 % identity) and C. rhodocephalum Diels (99.62 % identity), respectively. Further, phylogenetic tree reconstruction of the ITS placed C. dibangii as sister to C. stenoglossum and C. campanulatam, while the trnC-petN tree depicted C. dibangii as a separate clade. Morphologically it is related to C. thomsonii C.B.Clarke and C. pulchrum R.D.Good in having reniform leaves and ligulate heads but differs from these in having size of basal leaves size; number of stem leaves, ray florets and phyllaries; and length of style. The diagnostic characteristics, affinities with allied taxa and colored illustration are provided to facilitate easy identification.